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What’s next for school-based wellness?
Building structures to shape culture
By Kip Glazer | November | December 2022
If you are an educator, you probably just survived the toughest year in your career. We witnessed our students suffering from uncertainty and our colleagues suffering right along with them because of the unprecedented level of demands from all sides of the profession. During the pandemic, educators all across the country stepped up to keep students physically and mentally safe while doing the important job of educating them. Some of my colleagues felt like they were working as hard as they could without it mattering to anyone, especially the very students they were working so hard to support. I can relate. As a principal, I felt more than once that nothing I did was making my staff, my students or my families better or happier. I often felt defeated and exhausted.
This profound sense of defeat and exhaustion among educators manifested in a variety of ways. Some educators are calling it quits. In her recent Washington Post article, “‘Never seen it this bad’: America faces catastrophic teacher shortage,” Hannah Natanson reported that the teacher shortage reached a national crisis level due to so many educators leaving the profession (Natanson, 2022). Others are still working to figure out how they can move forward. I am fortunate to see and work with them every single day. They are determined to educate our young people despite all the challenges that we have faced and continue to face. They stay for the love of their students, and they are doing the best they can, which I admire. However, some of us have developed not-so-wonderful habits of indulging our students.
I want to be 100 percent clear that there is no blame to be had. I have never met an educator who would ever want to hurt children. We all always want to help our students. However, during the pandemic, we altered some conventional practices in support of our students. Unfortunately, some of the alterations turned out not to be based on best practices or research. For example, many of us extended deadlines for all our students without any limitations, which is not necessarily a best practice. In their 2002 research “Procrastination, Deadlines, and Performance: Self-Control by Precommitment,” Ariely and Wertenbroch argued that a well-spaced deadline that demands incremental progress is better for students than simply extending deadlines without incremental benchmarking (Ariely & Wertenbroch, 2002). Another attempt to support the students was allowing unlimited retakes for all tests. Many teachers reported that this accommodation increased their workload beyond a manageable level, which they were willing to tolerate until they saw how such a practice began hurting student achievement. In his Edutopia article “Allowing Test Retakes—Without Getting Gamed,” Stephen Merrill shared what teachers discovered as they allowed retakes. He offered six clear parameters for managing retakes that lead to more students benefiting from retakes (Merrill, 2019). Both of these examples illustrate why good intentions alone do not yield good results when it comes to student support.
Having said that, we also gained some extremely valuable knowledge during the pandemic. Many schools realized the importance of mental health services for their students and began providing not just intervention focused on learning loss but also social-emotional support. In their latest journal article, “Preventing Youth Suicide: A Review of School-Based Practices and How Social–Emotional Learning Fits Into Comprehensive Efforts,” Posamentier, Seible and DyTang argued that school-based mental health services have a positive impact on youth suicide prevention (Posamentier, Seible & DyTang, 2022). I was fortunate enough to be a principal at a school where we have three full-time bilingual mental health professionals and a licensed bilingual social worker to provide mental support. I was also glad to see that many other educational institutions have engaged in a similar practice. Still, many educators feel that we need to do better.
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We want to do better because we see how much our students are suffering. Based on my personal and professional experiences of working on school-based mental health support, I would like to share a few lessons from being a “Pandemic Principal.” I am not professing to be an expert on school-based wellness. But it’s important for school leaders to share our knowledge because many heads are better than one. My school experienced a level of success in supporting 60 freshmen who were initially identified as at-risk at the beginning of the school year. By the end of the last school year, these students’ academic achievement improved to a degree that they no longer needed intensive intervention. We also reduced the credit deficiency among 9th graders considerably after implementing the following strategies. Simultaneously, we were able to encourage all students to care about their wellness with additional enrichment programs and activities.
1. Create an intervention team
Our intervention team consisted of an administrator, a bilingual social worker, an intervention counselor and a Multi-Tiered System of Support Teacher on Special Assignment. The team members were chosen for their specific contributions to a holistic process. For example, the administrator could leverage his or her position to take necessary administrative or disciplinary actions. The intervention counselor could provide individual academic and social-emotional counseling for the student. The social worker could connect the students and families to various community resources. Finally, the MTSS TOSA could track student data and support the students’ teachers to provide additional academic intervention. This team approach is critical in creating a successful and sustainable structure.
2. Data matters, but precise data matters more!
After we assembled the team, the team leveraged our Student Information System’s Early Warning Indicators, which required some customization. This customized data set had scaled numerical values to measure various challenges that a student faced, which meant all students were assigned scores between 0-100 that told the intervention team how severe the needs were. The team discovered that the relationship between the score and the likelihood of a student not graduating was strong enough to be nearly predictable. In other words, we focused on reducing the scores to ensure that these students were on track to graduate in four years.
3. Structure and routine are required for successful mental health and wellness support
We have all heard the statement, “What gets monitored gets done.” To leverage the data that we had to the fullest, our intervention team met weekly. The team discussed the four main areas that we could tangibly measure the changes: student attendance rate, students’ grades, the number of incidents of school discipline based on student behaviors and frequency for students accessing mental health services. We looked at the scores generated by the Early Warning System and worked to lower them. We also devised various intervention strategies and set a two-week deadline for implementation. This occurred because we discussed our Tier 2 (i.e., a group of students requiring supplemental support) and Tier 3 (i.e., a group of students requiring intensified support) students every other week based on the California MTSS Continuum of Support.
A structure dictates behaviors, and the accumulation of all the behaviors shapes culture.
4. Leveraging the school-wide intervention period to provide both intervention and enrichment
Our MTSS TOSA tracked student achievement data to ensure that students who needed intervention were placed in the appropriate content-based intervention courses. We also encouraged the staff to offer a variety of enrichment courses during the school-wide intervention periods. This allowed our students to work toward something that they wanted to take rather than they were forced to take. Twice a week for 45 minutes each period, our students attended enrichment classes such as knitting, model airplane building, hip hop dancing and even rugby. These opportunities allowed the students to feel more connected to school and improve their overall wellness at school based on the survey conducted at the end of each semester. We also established a structure that allowed all students to learn how to care for each other. We established a program called Sources of Strength. The group of students who participated in this program hosted a wellness fair and other monthly activities to encourage the students to think, talk and learn about developing wellness. Once again, student survey data indicated that the students benefited from such activities.
Conclusion
A structure dictates behavior, and the accumulation of all the behaviors shapes culture. By creating a sustainable structure that provided consistent and systemic support for all students, the school became a place where student wellness became the focal point. As a school leader who cares about wellness, I saw these structures work. The MTSS Framework recommends that schools use data, establish structure and continue to monitor student progress to support the well-being of all our students. I strongly recommend that we implement systems based on best practices and research, regardless of whether we are in a pandemic situation or not. We must rely on tried and true best practices based on research now more than ever before as we manage the impact of the pandemic. Our students’ wellness and future depend on it!
References
Ariely, D., & Wertenbroch, K. (2002). Procrastination, deadlines, and performance: Self-control by precommitment. Psychological science, 13(3), 219-224.
California MTSS Framework: CA MTSS Foundational Training for LEA Leadership Teams. (n.d.). Retrieved September 11, 2022, from https://ocde.instructure.com/courses/59/pages/california-mtss-framework?module_item_id=2916
Merrill, S. (2019, April 25). Allowing test retakes-without getting gamed. Edutopia. Retrieved September 11, 2022, from https://www.edutopia.org/article/allowing-test-retakes-without-getting-gamed
Natanson, H. (2022, August 10). 'Never seen it this bad': America faces catastrophic teacher shortage. The Washington Post. Retrieved September 11, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2022/08/03/school-teacher-shortage/
Posamentier, J., Seibel, K., & DyTang, N. (2022). Preventing youth suicide: A review of school-based practices and how social–emotional learning fits into comprehensive efforts. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 15248380211039475.
Kip Glazer is a principal in the Mountain View Los Altos Union High School District.
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